What were the main social, economic, and political causes and effects of this new age of migration?

The mass migration of people during the Industrial revolution had many social effects on many areas. One such effect of this mass migration to cities such as Britain was an influx of new people. This new influx of people led to more jobs being filled. It also resulted in a new, varied demographic. People from all over were moving to industrial cities such as Britain, many of these people previous Agricultuarists. Evidence of this new influx of people into towns can be seen in the population growth of the English city of Manchester, who grew by over 20,000 in the late eighteenth century.

An image of a Manchester racetrack in the nineteenth century

Likewise, the mass migration of people had numerous economic effects. One of the more obvious effects (the increase of wealth due to population increase) is often debated. People don't know whether or not this early migration of people to towns like Britain was good or bad. This influx of people however filled the position for skill shortages. The economic effects could've also affected the country that the settlers were leaving as the migration would cause a massive decrease in productivity of the leaving state.

British workers of the nineteenth century working on the train tracks

One of the many political effects of the migration was the estabalization of worker unions. These unions were established by many of the new settlers. The main purpose for their establishment was to request higher pay and better treatment due to the danger of many early industrial jobs. Many of the leading officials of these worker unions gained prominent roles in the world of politics.

One of the deadly jobs done in early industrial times (seperating ore from rock)

Sources:

"Impact of Migration on Economic and Social Development: A Review of Evidence and Emerging    Issues: Policy Research Working Papers." Impact of Migration on Economic and Social Development: A Review of Evidence and Emerging Issues: Policy Research Working Papers. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2014.